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英語原文
As final clauses after past tenses express some person's prebious purpose or motive, they allow the double construction of indirect discourse (667, 1) ; so that, instead of the optative, they can have the mood and tense which the person himself would have used in conceving the purpose. Thus we can say either ἦλθεν ἵνα ἴδοι, he came that he might see, or ἦλθεν ἵνα ἴδῃ, because the person himself would have said ἔρχομαι ἵνα ἴδω, I come thay I may see.
Hence the subjunctive in final clauses after past tenses is very common, in some writers even more common than the regular optative. E.g.
Ἐπεκλώσαντο δ᾿ ὄλεθρον ἀνθρώποις, ἵνα ᾖσι καὶ ἐσσομένοισιν ἀοιδή. Od. viii. 579. Ἀχλὺν δ᾿ αὖ τοι ἀπ᾿ ὀφθαλμῶν ἕλον, ἢ πρὶν ἐπῆεν, ὄφρ᾿ ἐὺ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδε καὶ ἄνδρα. Il. v. 127. Ἀριστεὺς ξυνεβούλευεν ἐκπλεῦσαι, ὅπως ἐπὶ πλέον ὁ σῖτος ἀντίσχῃ. Thuc. i. 65. Ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι τὸ Ἀττικὸν (ναυτικὸν) προσγενόμενον ἐμπόδιον γένηται. Id. i. 31. Ἐχώρουν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν, ὅπως μὴ κατὰ φῶς θαρσαλεωτέροις οὖσι προσφέρωνται καὶ σφίσιν ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου γίγνωνται, ἀλλ᾿ ἥσσους ὦσι. Id. ii. 3. Καὶ ἐπίτηδές σε οὐκ ἤγειρον, ἵνα ὡς ἥδιστα διάγῃς. Plat. Crit. 43 B. Πλοῖα κατέκαυσεν ἵνα μὴ Κῦρος διαβῇ. Xen. An. i. 4, 18. ταύτας ἵνα κωλύηθ᾿ οἱ νόμοι συνήγαγον ὑμᾶς, οὐχ ἵνα κυρίας τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι ποιῆτε. Dem. xix. 1. Καὶ περὶ τούτων ἐμνήσθην, ἵνα μὴ ταὐτὰ πάθητε. Id. iii. 6. (Here the purpose was conceived in the form ἵνα μὴ ταὐτὰ πάθωσιν.)
1 Weber, p.243, gives a comparison of the usage of various writers, showing that the proportion of subjunctives to optatives after past tense in pure final clauses and after verbs of fearing is as follows : — in Homer 35 : 156, Pindar 2 : 10, Aeschylus 2 : 9, Sophocles 2 : 23, Euripides 31 : 65, Aristophanes 13 : 37, Herodotus 86 : 47, Thucydides 168 : 60, Lysias 22 : 10, Isocrates 21 : 17, Isaeus 8 : 17, Demosthenes 40 : 40, Aeschines 13 : 7, Plato 22 : 79, Xenophon 45 : 265, In all writers before Aristotle 528 : 894. In the Attic writers and Herodotus, excluding Xenophone, the two are just equal 441.
日本語解釈