Goodwinの動詞文法

古本屋でW.W.Goodwin, "SYNTAX of the MOODS and TENSES of the GREEK VERB"を見つけたので、これを少しずつ読み進めていくことにしました。 私は、こういった内容のものはノートとか、こういったHTMLのファイルに自分で考えをまとめながら書かないと覚えられないタチなので、あくまで自習用の内容になっています。

訳文の正確さは、まったく保証できません。

Table of Contents(目次)

CHAPTER I. GENERAL VIEW OF THE MOODS (法の概説)

The four Moods, the Infinitive, the Participle, and the Verbal in -τέος.
四種類の法、不定詞、分詞そして-τέοςに終わる動形容詞

I. Use of the Indicative. (直説法の用法)

II. Use of the Subjunctive. (接続法の用法)

III. Use of the Optative. (希求法の用法)

IV. Use of the Imperative. (命令法の用法)

CHAPTER II. THE TENSES. (時称)

The seven Tenses. (七つの時称)

Primary and Secondary Tenses. (本時称と副時称)

Relative and absolute time of the Tenses. (相関的および時間の独立的用法における時称)

I. TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE. (直説法での時称)

Present. (現在)

Meaning of the Present. (直説法において現在という時称が意味するもの)

Various uses of Present Indicative. (直説法現在の様々な用法)

Historic Present. (歴史的現在)

Imperfect. (未完了過去)

Meaning of the Imperfect. (直説法において未完了過去という時称が意味するもの)

Relation of the Imperfect to other Tenses. (未完了過去と他の時称との関係)

Various uses of the Imperfect. (未完了過去の様々な用法)

Perfect and Pluperfect. (現在完了と過去完了)

Meaning of the Perfect. (直説法において現在完了という時称が意味するもの)

Meaning of the Pluperfect. (直説法において過去完了という時称が意味するもの)

Uses of Perfect and Pluperfect, and compound forms with εἰμί and ἔχω.
(現在完了と過去完了の用法、そしてεἰμίやἔχωと組み合わせた表現について)

Aorist. (アオリスト)

Meaning of the Aorist. (直説法においてアオリストという時称が意味するもの)

Relation of Aorist to Imperfect. (アオリストと未完了過去の関係)

Various uses of the Aorist. (アオリストの様々な用法)

Future. (未来)

Meaning of the Future. (直説法において未来という時称が意味するもの)

Various uses of the Future. (未来の様々な用法)

Periphrastic Future with μέλλω. (μέλλωを使った未来の迂言的表現)

Past Future with μέλλω. (μέλλωを使った、過去の時点での未来に対する意向などの表現)

Future Perfect (未来完了)

Meaning of the Future Perfect. (直説法において未来完了という時称が意味するもの)

Various uses and forms of the Future Perfect. (未来完了の様々な用法とその語形)

II. TENSES OF THE DEPENDENT MOODS (直説法「以外」での時称)

Distinction of Tenses in the Dependent Moods.
(直説法、接続法、希求法、命令法における時称の相違)

A. NOT IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE (間接話法ではない場合)

General Princeples. (一般的な原則)

Present and Aorist. (現在およびアオリスト)

Distintion of Present and Aorist here. (直説法における現在とアオリストの相違)

Present and Aorist Subjuncrive and Imperative. (接続法および命令法における現在とアオリストの相違)

Present and Aorist Optative. (希求法における現在とアオリストの相違)

Present and Aorist Infinitive. (不定法における現在とアオリストの相違)

Perfect. (現在完了)

Use of Perfect in the Dependent Moods. (接続法、希求法、命令法、不定詞における現在完了の用法)

Perfect Subjunctive and Optative. (接続法および希求法における現在完了)

Perfect Imperative. (命令法における現在完了)

Perfect Infinitive. (不定詞における現在完了)

Future. (未来)

Future seldom used except in Indirect Discourse. (間接話法以外における未来時称の稀用例)

Exceptional uses of Future Infinitive elsewhere. (上記以外での未来不定詞の例外的な用法)

Future Perfect Infinitive used only in Indirect Discourse. (間接話法に限定して使われる未来完了不定詞)

B. OPTATIVE AND INFINITIVE OF INDIRECT DISCOURSE.
(間接話法における希求法と不定詞)

General Principles of this Construction. (この構文における一般的な原則)

Four uses of Present Optative. (希求法現在の四つの用法)

Present Infinitive as Present. (現在の意味で使われる現在不定詞)

Present infinitive as Imperfect. (未完了過去の意味で使われる現在不定詞)

Two uses of Perfect Optative. (希求法現在完了の二つの用法)

Perfect Infinitive as Perfect. (現在完了の意味で使われる現在完了不定詞)

Perfect Infinitive as Pluperfect. (過去完了の意味で使われる現在完了不定詞)

Three uses of Aorist Optative. (希求法アオリストの三つの用法)

Aorist Infinitive. (アオリスト不定詞)

Future Optative. (希求法未来)

Future Infinitive. (未来不定詞)

Future Perfect Infinitive. (未来完了不定詞)

III. TENSES OF PARTICIPLE. (分詞の時称)

General Principle. (一般的な原則)

Present Participle as Present and Imperfect. (現在および未完了の意味で使われる現在分詞)

Perfect Participle. (現在完了分詞)

Ordinary use of Aorist Participle. (アオリスト分詞の普通の使い方)

Aorist Participle (generaly not past time) with λανθάνω, τυγχάνω and φθάνω.
(λανθάνω, τυγχάνω, φθάνωなどと共に使われる一般的に過去性を持たない意味のアオリスト分詞)

Other peculiar uses of Aorist Participle. (その他アオリスト分詞の稀用例)

Future Participle. (未来分詞)

GNOMIC AND ITERATIVE TENSES. (格言的な、および、反復的な時称)

Gnomic Aorist and Perfect. (格言のアオリストおよび現在完了)

In the Indicative. (直説法における議論)

Gnomic tenses in Optative, Infinitive, and Participle. (希求法、不定詞、分詞における格言的な時称)

Imperfect not a Gnomic Tense. (格言的な時称ではない未完了過去)

Iterative Imperfect and Aorist with Ἄν. (ἄνを伴った、反復を表わす未完了過去とアオリスト)

Ionic Iterative Formura in -σκον and -σκόμην. (-σκονや-σκόμηνに終わるイオーニア方言における反復を表わす形)

DEPENDENCE OF MOODS AND TENSES. (法および時称に対する依存関係)

General Principles of Dependence. (依存関係に関する一般的な原則)

Tense of the Indicative as Primary or Secondary. (本時称または副時称など直説法において時称が意味するもの)

Tense of the Subjunctive and Imperative. (接続法および命令法において時称が意味するもの)

Tense of Optative in various Censtructions. (様々な構文での希求法において時称が意味するもの)

Tense of the Infinitive and Participle. (不定詞や分詞において時称が意味するもの)

CHAPTER III. THE PARTICLE ἌΝ (小辞のἌΝについて)

Two uses and meaning of ἄν. (ἄνが持つ二つの用法とその意味)

Distinctions of ἄν and κέ. (ἄν と κέ の違いについて)

Indicative with ἄν (ἄνを伴った直説法)

Ἄν not with the Present and Perfect Indicative. (直説法現在や現在完了と共には使われない ἄν)

Ἄν with Future Indicative in early Poets. (初期の詩人たちに見られる直説法未来と共に使われる ἄν)

Ἄν with Future Indecative in Attic Greek (rare). (アッティカ方言に見られる直説法未来と共に使われる ἄν, ただし稀用)

Ἄν with Secondary Tenses of the Indicative. (直説法副時称と共に使われる ἄν)

SUBJUNCTIVE AND OPTATIVE WITH ἄν (ἄνを伴った接続法および希求法)

Ἄν with the Subjunctive in Conditional and Final Clauses.
(条件節および目的節における ἄν を伴った接続法)

Ἄν with the Subjunctive in Potential sense and in other uses (Epic).
(叙事詩における可能性を示す ἄν を伴った接続法とその他の用法)

Ἄν with the Optative. (希求法を伴った ἄν)

INFINITIVE WITH ἄν (ἄνを伴った不定詞)

General Principle of ἄν with the infinitive.(ἄνを伴う不定詞の一般的な指針)

Present Infinitive with ἄν.(ἄνを伴う現在不定詞)

Perfect Infinitive with ἄν.(ἄνを伴う現在完了不定詞)

Aorist Infinitive with ἄν.(ἄνを伴うアオリスト不定詞)

Future Infinitive with ἄν.(ἄνを伴う未来不定詞)

Various uses of the Infinitive with ἄν.(ἄνを伴った不定詞の様々な用法)

PARTICIPLE WITH ἄν (ἄνを伴った分詞)

General Principle of ἄν with the Participle.

Present Participle with ἄν.

Aorist Participle with ἄν.

Future Participle with ἄν.

Participle with ἄν never forms a Protasis.

Position of ἄν.

Repetition of ἄν.

Elliptical uses of ἄν.

CHAPTER IV.

USE OF THE MOODS(法の用法)

Classification of Constructions (I.-X.)

SECTION I.
The Potential Optative and Indicative with ἄν and κέ
(ἄνおよびκέを伴う可能性を示す希求法と直説法)

Meaning of Potential Forms

I. POTENTIAL OPTATIVE (可能性を示す希求法)

Origin and Relations of the Potential Optative.

Examples of pure Potential Optative with ἄν.

Potential Optative in Commands and Exhortations.

Potential Optative expressing what may prove to be true.

Potential Optative with definite condition implied or expressed (as Apodosis).

Potential Optative without ἄν or κέ.

II. POTENTIAL INDICATIVE (可能性を示す直説法)

Meaning and Relation of Potential Indicative.

Pure Potential Indicative, with no unfulfilled condition implied.

Potential Indicative with indefinite unfulfilled condition implied.

Time of Potential Indicative.

Potential Indicative with definite unfulfilled condition implied or expressed.

Iterative Indicative with ἄν.

SECTION II.
Imperative and Subjunctive in Commands, Exhortations, and Prohibitions. —Subjunctive and Indicative with μή and μὴ οὐ in Cautious Assertions. —Ὅπως and ὅπως μή with the Independent Future Indicative or Subjunctive
(命令、訓告、禁止を表わす命令法および接続法—μήおよび μὴ οὐを伴った何かをしないように注意を喚起する接続法および直説法—ὅπωςおよびὅπως μήを伴った主節において未来をとる直説法および接続法)

Imperative in Commands etc.

Ἄγε, φέρε, etc. with Imperative.

Πᾶς with second person of Imperative.

Οἶσθ᾿ ὅ etc. with Imperative.

Imperative in Assumptions

First person of Subjunctive as Imperative.

Present Imperative or Aorist Subjunctive with μή in Prohibitions.

Independent Subjunctive with μή (Homeric) expressing object of Fear to be averted.

Μὴ οὐ with the Subjunctive.

SECTION III. Subjunctive, like Future Indicative, in Independent Sentences in Homer.—Interrogative Subjunctive.

SECTION IV. Οὐ μή with Subjunctive and Future Indicative.

SECTION V. Final and Object Clauses after ἵνα, ὡς, ὅπως, ὅφρα, and μή.

A. PURE FINAL CLAUSES.

B. OBJECT CLAUSES WITH AFTER VERBS OF STRING ETC.

C. CLAUSES WITH μή AFTER VERBS OF FEARING, ETC.

SECTION VI. Conditional Sentences.

I. FOUR FORMS OF ORDINARY CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.

(a) PRESENT AND PAST CONDITIONS.

1. Simple Suppositions (chiefly Particular).

2. With Supposition contrary to Fact.

(b) FUTURE CONDITIONS.

1. Subjunctive or Future Indicative in Protasis with a Future Apososis.

2. Optative in Protasis and Apodosis.

II.PRESENT AND PAST GENERAL SUPPOSITIONS.

PECULIAR FORMS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.

Substitution and Ellipsis in Protasis—Protasis without a Verb.

Apodosis contained in Protasis.

MIXED CONSTRACTIONS.

I. Optative in Protasis, with Future or Present Indicative, etc. in Apodosis.

II. Indicative or Subjunctive in Protasis, with Potential Optative or Indicative in Apodosis.

III. Potential Optative or Indicative (with ) in Protasis.

IV. Irregular Combinations.—Present or Past with Future Conditions in one Protasis.

V. Several Protasis in one Sentence.

AND IN APODOSIS.

SECTION VII. Relative and Temporal Sentences.

A. RELATIVE WITH DEFINITE ANTECEDENT.

B. RELATIVE WITH INDEFINITE ANTECEDENT.

I. FOUR FORMS OF ORDINARY CONDITIONAL RELATIVE CLAUSES.

(a) PRESENT AND PAST CONDITIONS.

(b) FUTURE CONDITIONS.

II. GENERAL CONDITIONAL RELATIVES SENTENCES (PRESENT AND PAST).

Homeric and other Poetic Peculiaritives.

special Forms of Antecedent Clause.

Mixed Condirional Constructions.

Assimilation in Condirional Relative Clauses.

Δέ in the Antecedent Clause.

Final Relative Clauses expressing Purpose.

Consecutive Relative Clauses expressin Result.

CAUSAL RELATIVE CLAUSES.

CONSECUTIVE CLAUSES WITH ὥστε OR ὡς AND ἐφ᾿ ᾧ OR ἐφ᾿ ᾧτε.

APPENDIX.

I. The Relation of the Optative to the Subjunctive and other Moods.
(希求法と接続法など他の法との関係)

II. The Origin of the Construction of οὐ μή with the Subjunctive and the Future Indicative.

III. Statistics of the use of the Final Particles.

IV. Xenophon's peculiar use of ὡς, ὡς ἄν and ὅπως ἄν in Final and Object Clauses.

V. On some disputed points in the Construction of ἔδει etc. with the Infinitive (Supplemento to §§415-423)

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