Appendix I. (15/30)
英語原文
In dealing with the examples in 1 and 2, it will be assumed that εἰ, εἴθε, εἰ γάρ, and αἰ, αἴθε, αἴ γάρ all have the same origin, and involve the same particle εἰ or αἰ which is used in protasis.1 The question in regard to the wishes in 1 amounts to this : is it more probable that the optative here is merely the wishing optative, preceded by a sort of exclamatory particle εἰ2, so that γένειτο and εἰ γένειτο are merely different forms of an exclamation, O may it be done !—or that εἰ γένοιτοin a wish is the same as εἰ γένοιτο in protasis, meaning if it should only be done, deriving its force as a wish from the unconscious suppression of an apodosis like how happy I should be or it would be well ? The difficulty of explaining εἰ in an ordinary protasis like εἰ ἦλθεν, if he came, as in any sense exclamatory is a great obstacle in the way of Lange's view ; but his alternative is equally hard, to make εἰ in a wish radically different from εἰ in a protasis. In the incomplete state of Lange's work, it is impossible to see how successfully he would have surmounted this difficulty. But, apart from this, we are complled on his theory to believe that the parallel construction of εἰ γάρ and εἴθε with the past tenses of the indicative in wishes is radically different in principle from that of εἰ etc. with the optative. The former is a later construction ; but is it possible that the traditions of so fixed an expression as εἰ with the optative in wishes could have so utterly vanished that, while εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο, may it be done, had no conditional force, εἰ γὰρ ἐγένετο τοῦτο, O that this had been done, was felt as conditional ? It is impossible to explain εἰ γὰρ ἐγένετο except as an elliptical protasis, since there is no form of wish like ἐγένετο (alone) corresponding to γένοιτο, may it be done. Even if we could suppose that εἰ γὰρ ἐγένετο was formed ignorantly on the analogy of εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο, it would be incredible that μὴ γένοιτο should not have engendered a corresponding μὴ ἐγένετο.
1. See Lange, pp. 311, 312 ; and footnote to §379 of this work.
2. Lange, p. 484, calls εἰ "eine zur Einleitung von Wünschen und Fallsetzungen geeignete interjectionsartige Partikel."
See also p. 565.
日本語解釈