Appendix I. (26/30)

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英語原文

In the whole class of final sentences, in which the subjunctive and optative are probably the only primitive forms, the optative always represents a dependent subjunctive in the changed relation to its leading verb in which it is placed when this verb is changed from present or future to past time, a change which we represent by our change from may to might or from shall to should ; as ἔρχεται ἵνα ἴδῃ τοῦτο, he comes that he may see this, ἦλθεν ἵνα ἴδοι τοῦτο, he came that he might see this, etc. The thought in the depenent clause is in both cases what would be expressed originally by ἵνα ἴδω, adapted to different circumstances ; and the original subjunctive (ἵνα ἴδῃ) could always be retained, even after past tenses, and by some writers it was generally retained (§§318-321). The change is, in fact, the same which is made in indirect discourse when the leading verb is past, since a past final clause always expresses the past thought of the leading subject (§703). This relation to indirect discourse is espechially clear when the future indicative is used after primary tenses, with the future optative corresponding to it after past tenses.

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