Appendix I. (6/30)
英語原文
In dependent sentences, the subjunctive is used in two constructions, —in so-called final clause, and in conditional sentences. In negative final constructions with μή, the subjunctive was originally prohibitive (§§262, 307) ; in positive clauses with the final particles, it expresses something aimed at, that is, an object of will. but here, as independent sentences, to derive the more complex from the more simple is far more natural than the reverse. Further, in all final constructions the future indicative may be used in the same sense as the subjunctive ; this could hardly be done if the subjunctive containes an essential element of will which is wanting in the future. Again, the subjunctive is very common in final constructions after past tenses, where the optative is the regular form (318) ; it cannot be supposed that the idea of will is present in such final clauses when they have the subjunctive (as they generally do in Thucudides) and is absent when they have the optative (as is more common in Xenophon). In conditional sentences, although we may explain the subjunctive as originally hortatory, ἢν ἔλθῃ meaning let him come (we will suppose), it is more natural to refer this use to the primitive use of the subjunctive as a simple future, εἴ κεν ἔλθῃ (or εἰ ἔλθῃ), in case he shall come, making a supposition of a future event of which the Homeric ἔλθῃ, he will come, might make a statement (see §§11 and 398). We thus avoid the necessity of explaining the indicative and the subjunctive in protasis on different principles. As each of the various tenses of the indicative with εἰ expresses a supposition in the time which it naturally denotes (§3, c), so the subjunctive is a natural form to express a future supposition. Thus, as εἰ γενήσεται τοῦτο supposes what γενήσεται τοῦτο states, εἰ γένηται τοῦτο naturally supposes what (in the older language) γένηται τοῦτο, this will happen, states. As the former cannot be explained by the idea of will, it seems unnecessary and illogical to introduce this idea to account for the latter. What ha been said of ordinary conditional sentences applies also to relative conditions.
日本語解釈