§103.
接続法および希求法における現在完了 (目次)
英語原文
The prefect subjunctive and optative are very often expressed in the active, and almost always in the passive and middle, by the perfect participle with ὦ and εἴην ; and this combination of a present and a perfect makes the time denoted especially clear. Where the present would denote future time, the perfect denotes future-perfect time. E.g.
Τὸ χρόνον γεγενῆσθαι πολὺν δέδοικα μή τινα λήθην ὑμῖν πεποιήκῃ, I fear lest the lapse of of a long time that has occurred may (when you come to decide the case) prove to have caused in you some forgetfulness (see 91). Dem. xix. 3. (Μὴ ποιῇ would mean lest it may cause, the time being the same as before.) Χρὴ αὐτα [ἃ τελευτήσαντα ἑκάτερον περιμένει] ἀκοῦσαι, ἵνα τελέως ἑκαάτερος αὐτῶν ἀπειλήφῃ τὰ ὄφειλόμενα, we must hear what awaits each of them after death, that, (when we have finished) each may have fully received his deserts. Plat. Rep. 614 A. Τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους, κἂν δεδωκότες ὦσιν εὐθύνας, τὴν ἀειλογίαν ὁρῶ προτεινομένους, I see that other men, even if they have already rendered their accounts, i.e. if they are (in the state of) persons who have rendered their accounts,— always offer a perpetual reckoning. Dem. xix. 2. Ἀνδρεῖόν γε πάνυ νομίζομεν, ὃς ἂν πεπλήγῃ πατέρα, we always consider one very manly who has (may have) beaten his father. Ar. Av. 1350. Νόμον θήσειν μηδενὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὑμᾶς βοηθεῖν ὃς ἂν μὴ πρότερος βεβοηκὼς ὑμῖν ᾖ, to enact a law thay you shall assist no one of the Greeks who shall not previously have assisted you. Dem. xix. 16. (Ὃς ἂν μὴ πρότετος βοηθῇ would mean who shall not previously assisy you.)
Ἔδεισαν μὴ λύσσα ἡμῖν ἐμπεπτώκοι, they feared lest madness might prove to have fallen upon us. Xen. An. v. 7, 26. (Μὴ ἐμπίπτοι would mean lest it might fall upon us.) Ἐδεήθην τῶν δικαστῶν μηδὲν τοιοῦτον πρᾶξαι, ἵν᾿ ἐγὼ μηδένα Ἀθηναίων ἀπεκτονὼς εἴην, that I might not be in he position of having put an Athenian to death. Dem. liii. 18. Ἢν γὰρ εὑρεηῇ λέγων σοὶ ταὔτ᾿, ἔγωγ᾿ ἂν ἐκπεφευγοίην πάθος, I should (in that case) have escaped harm. Soph. O. T. 839. Πῶς οὐκ ἂν οἰκτρότατα πάντων ἐγὼ πεπονθὼς εἴην, εἰ ἐμὲ ψηφίσαιντο εἶναι ξένον ; how should I not have suffered the most pitiable of all things, if they should vote me to be an alien ? Dem. lvii. 44. (This could have been expressed, with a very slight difference in meaning, πῶς οὐ πεποντὼς ἔσομαι, ἐὰν ψηφίσωνται ; haw shall I not have suffered, etc.) Εἰ ὁτιοῦν πεπονθὼς ἑκάτερος ἡμῶν εἴη, οὐ καὶ ἀμφότεροι ἂν τοῦτο πεπόνθοιμεν ; if each of us should have suffered anything whatsoever, would not both of us have suffered it ? Plat. Hipp. M. 301 A. Οὐκ ἂν διὰ τοῦτό γ᾿ εἶεν οὐκ εὐθὺς δεδωκότες, this, at least, cannot be the reason why they did not pay it at once ; lit. they would not (on inquiry) prove to have not paid it at once on this account. Dem. xxx. 10
日本語解釈