§97.
不定法における現在とアオリストの相違 (目次)
- 96. 概説
- 97. アオリスト不定詞と現在不定詞の違いについて
- 98. 神託による命令や警告を表わす動詞が現在不定詞やアオリスト不定詞をとる例
- 99. 「言う」や「思う」を表わす動詞で現在不定詞やアオリスト不定詞をとる例
- 100. 望みや期待、約束などを表わす動詞で現在不定詞やアオリスト不定詞をとる例
- 101. (私に責任がある)のように過去を参照する表現でアオリスト不定詞が過去の動作を表わす用例について
英語原文
The distinction between the present and aorist infinitive is well illustrated by Aristotle, when he says of pleasure, Eth. x. 3, 4, ἡσθῆναι μὲν γὰρ ἔστι ταχέως ὥσπερ ὀργισθῆναι, ἥδεσθαι δ᾿ οὒ, οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕτερον· βαδίζειν δὲ καὶ αὔξεσθαι καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα. μεταβάλλειν μὲν οὖν εἰς τὴν ἡδονὴν ταχέως καὶ βραδέως ἔστιν, ἐνεργεῖν δὲ κατ᾿ αὐτὴν οὐκ ἔστι ταχέως, λέγω δ᾿ ἥδεσθαι. We may BECOME pleased (ἡσθῆναι) quickly, as we may get angry quickly ; but we cannnot BE pleased (ἥδεσθαι) quickly, even as compared with another person, although we can thus walk and grow and do such things. We may then change into a state of pleasure quickly or slowly, but we cannot actually enjoy the pleasure, I mean BE PLEASED (ἥδεσθαι), quickly.
So in Plat. Theaet. 155 C, Socrates says, ἄνευ τοῦ γίγνεσθαι γενέσθαι ἀδύνατον (sc. ἐμὲ ἐλάττω), i.e. without going through the process of becoming (γίγνεσθαι) smaller, it is impossible for me to get (γενέσθαι) smaller.
日本語解釈