§329. (Ὡς and ὅφρα in Homer and ὡς and ὅκως in Herodotus.)
目的節において希求法と使われるἄνまたはκέについて
- 329. ホメーロスにおけるὡςおよびὅφραの例と、ヘーロドトスにおけるὡςおよびὅκωςについて
- 330. トゥーキューディデースでは一回のみ、クセノポーンでは四回だけ使われている、目的節の中で可能性を示す希求法とともに使われるὅπως ἄνについて
英語原文
1. In Homer ὥς κε and ὡς ἄν sometimes have the optative in final clauses after both primary and secondary tenses. Ὄφρα κε and ὄφρ᾿ ἄν occur each once in Homer with the optative after past tenses. Herodotus has ὡς ἄν and ὅκως ἄν with the optative with κέ or ἄν once after present tense. This optative with κέ or ἄν after primary tenses is certainly potential as well as final ; and this analogy makes it difficult or impossible to take it in any other sense after secondary tenses, though here the potential force is less obvious.
(a) After primary tenses six cases occur in the Odyssey and on in Herodotus : —
Ἀπερρίγασι νέεσθαι ὥς κ᾿ αὐτὸς ἐεδvώσαιτο θύγατρα, they dread to go to him that he mae settle (if he will) the bridal gifts of his daughter, lit. that he would settle, etc. Od. ii. 53. Κνυζώσω δέ τοι ὄσσε, ὡς ἂν ἀεικέλιος φανείης, I will dim your eyes, to the end that you might appear unseemly. Od. xiii. 401. Δύο δοῦρε καλλιπέειν, ὡς ἂν ἐπιθύσαντες ἑλοίμεθα. Od. xvi. 297. Τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης φιλότητά τε πολλά τε δῶρα ἐξ ἐμεῦ, ὡς ἄν τίς σε συναντόμενος μακαρίζοι, so that one would call you blessed. Od. xvii. 164 (= xv. 537, xix. 310). Ἡγείσθω ὀρχηθμοῖο, ὥς κέν τις φαίη γάμον ἔμμεναι ἐκτὸς ἀκούων, let him lead off the dance, so that any one who should hear without would say there was a marriage. Od. xxiii. 134. Ἴσχεσθε προλέμου, ὥς κεν ἀναίμωτί γε διακρινθεῖτε τάχιστα. Od. xxiv. 531.
Κελεύει σε τὸ ποιδίον θεῖναι, ὅκως ἂν τάχιστα διαφθαρείη, he bids you so expose the child that he would be likely to perish most speedily. Hdt. i. 110.
(b) After past tenses the following cases occur 1 : —
Ὗε δ᾿ ἄρα Ζεὺς σψνεχὲς ὄφρα κε θᾶσσον ἁλίπλοα τείχεα θείη. Il. xii. 25. Ἐώλπειν σε Φθίηνδε νέεσθαι, ὡς ἄν μοι τὸν παῖδα Σκυρόθεν ἐξαγάγοις, i.e. I hoped for your coming, that you might perchance bring my son away from Scyros. Il. xix. 330. Καί μιν μακρότερον καὶ πάσσονα θῆκεν ἰδέσθαι, ὥς κεν Φαιήκεσσι φίλος πάντεσσι γένοιτο. Od. viii. 20. Τύμβον χεύαμεν, ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ἐκ ποντόφιν ἀνδράσιν εἴη. Od. xxiv. 83. Σὺ δέ με προΐεις, ῎φρ᾿ ἂν ἑλοίμην δῶρα (Bekker ἀνελοίμην). Ib. 333.
Λέγεται διώρυχα ὀρύσσειν, ὅκως ἂν τὸ στρατόπεδον ἱδρυμένον κατὰ νώτου λάβοι, i.e. he is said to have dug (119) a channel, in order that the river might flow behind the army. Hdt. i. 75. Ταῦτα δὲ περὶ ἑωυτὸν ἐσέμνυε τῶνδε εἴνεκεν, ὅκως ἂν μὴ ὁρέοντες οἱ ὁμήλικες λυπεοίατο καὶ ἐπιβουλεύοιεν, ἀλλ᾿ ἑτεροῖός σφι δοκέοι εἶναι μὴ ὁρῶσι, in order that his companions might not be offended by seeing him and plot against him, but that he might appear to them to be of another nature when they did not see him. Id. i. 99. Προφύρεον εἶμα περιβαλόμενος, ὡς ἂν πυνθανόμενοι πλεῖστοι συνέλθοιεν. Id. i. 152. Τὸ ὕδωρ τότε ἐπῆκαν, ὡς ἂν χαραδρωθείη ὁ χῶρος, they let in the water, in order that the country might be guilled. Id. vii. 176. Περιέπεμπον ἔξωθεν Σκιάθου, ὡς ἂν μὴ ὀφθείησαν περιπλέουσαι Εὔβοιαν. Id. viii. 7. Μετακινέεσθαι ἐδόκεε τότε, ὡς ἂν μὴ ἰδοίατο οἱ Πέρσαι ἐξορμεομένους. Ib. 51.
2. Ὥς ἄν with the optative in Attic prose is found chiefly in Xenophon. It is never strictly final ; but ὡς is relative or interrogative, and the optative with ἄν is potential. E.g.
Ἔδοξεν αὐτῷ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, ὡς ὅτι ἥκιστα ἂν ἐπιφθόνως σπανιός τε καὶ σεμνὸς φανείη, he decided to do this in such a way that he might appear, etc. (i.e. in the way by which. Xen. Cyr. vii. 5, 37. (Here the separation of ἄν from ὡς makes the potential character plainer.) Ὡς δ᾿ ἂν καὶ οἱ πόδες εἶεν τῷ ἵππῳ κράτιστοι, εἰ μέν τις ἔχει ῥᾴω ἄσκησιν, κ.τ.λ., as to means by which the horse's feet could be kept strongest. Id. Hipp. i. 16. See other examples in Appendix IV. This is the same relative use of ὡς with the potential optative which we find in Dem. vi. 3, ὡς μὲν ἂν εἴποιτε κικαίους λόγους ἄμεινον Φιλίππου παρεσκεύασθε· ὡς δὲ κωλύσαιτ᾿ ἂν ἐκεῖνον πράττειν ταῦτα, παντελῶς ἀργῶς ἔχετε, as to means by which you could make just speeches, you are better equipped than Philip ; but as to steps by which you could prevent him from doing what he does, you are wholly inactive. See also Dem. vi. 37, ὡς δ᾿ ἂν ἐξετασθείη μάλιστ᾿ ἀκριβῶς, μὴ γένοιτο, as to any means by which the truth could be tested most thoroughly,—may this never come !
1 It must be confessed that there are some difficult questions concerning these optatives with κέ or ἄν in final clauses after past tenses. It may perhaps be thought that the subjunctive after ὥς κε, ὅκως ἄν, etc., has been changed to the optative after a past tense retaining κέ or ἄν without effect on the verb. Compare ἕως ἄν with the optative (613, 4 ; 702). Would ὅκως ἄν in Hdt. i. 22 (quoted in 328) have changed its nature if αγγείλῃ had been changed to ἀγγείλειε ? On the ohter hand, can we separate the optatives in Hdt. i. 75 and 99 (in b) from the optative in i. 110 (in a) ? The potential view seems, on the whole, much the more natural ; but the potential force can be expressed in English only with great dufficulty, owing to the ambiguity of our auxiliaries might, would, should, etc.
日本語解釈