Appendix I. (18/30)
英語原文
As to the 43 examples in 4, in which the optative with εἰ obviously stands without any expressed apodosis, I must refer the discussion if these in §§486-493, where they are explained as protases which contain within themselves an implied clause of purpose as the apodosis. Whoever will compare the examples of the optative in §488 with those of the subjunctive in §487, or those of the optative in Delbrück's conjunctiv und Optativ, pp. 236-238, with those of the subjunctive in pp. 171-175, will probably be satisfied that the greater part of these optatives represent original subjunctives, which are regularly used in this sense after primary tenses, while the original optatives that occur after primary tenses in this construction are not more frequent than they are in ordinary protasis in Homer (see §§499-501). Thus βῆ Πάνδαρον διζήμενος εἴ που ἐφεύροι, he went seeking Pandarus, in case he should find him anywhere (i.e. to find P. if haply he might), Il. v. 167, represents an original form βαίνω Πάνδαρον διζήμενος, ἐφεύρω. This is true, whatever theory we hold as to the nature of the condition here. Again, this form is equally adapted to suppositions which are not objects of wish or desire ; as in Thuc. vi. 100, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθοῖεν, ἐχώρουν, they marched towards the city, in case the enemy should rush out (to be ready to meet them if they should rush out). So in Od. xxii. 381 : —
πάπτηνεν δ᾿ Ὀδυσεὺς καθ᾿ ἑὸν δόμον, εἴ τις ἔτ᾿ ἀνδρῶν
ζωὸς ὑποκλοπέοιτο ἀλύσκων κῆρα μέλαινα,
where Ulysses is said to have searched the house, in case any one of the suitors should still be alive and be concealed (i.e. find any such). This is quite as natural an expression as Il. xii. 333, πάπτηνεν εἴ τιν᾿ ἴδοιτο ἡγεμόνων, where the protasis supposes something desired. The idea of purpose which these sentences imply makes it natural that the supposition should be a desirable one in the majority of cases ; but no independent support for the theory we are discussing can be found in them.
日本語解釈