Appendix I. (19/30)
英語原文
We come then to the following conclusions. The theory that wish is the fundamental idea of the optative finds no support in conditional sentences with εἰ and the optative in Homer, for among 78 full sentences of this class, only 27 express suppositions which are desired by the speaker. The other optatives with εἰ which are said to express wishes stand without apodosis, and the nature of these expressions is itself in question in this discussion. As the presence of the idea of wish in the optative in ordinary conditions would have benn a strong proof that the same idea is inherent in these other optatives, so the conspicuous absence of wish in the former creates a presumption against its existence in the latter ; for it appears that, eve if the optative with εἰ in wishes does express the wish by its own natural force, this force has not passed over into the ordinary optative in protasis, even in Homer. We have to consider, therefore, whether in spite of this presumption it can be established that the optative is the mood of wish, or that the two forms of optative in wishes (with and without εἰ) are identical in origin and construction. The theory of their identity obliges us to believe that εἰ is a sort of exclamatory particle ; whereas the older view, which has the authority of Aristarchus (§723), that the optative with εἰ in wishes is a protasis with a suppressed apodosis, avoids this difficulty by making the form of wish the same as that of protasis. The new theory also compels us to explain the past tenses of the indicative with εἰ and the optative with εἰ in wishes on different principles. The cases in 2 (p. 376) of an optative with εἰ in a wish followed by an apodosis in a separate sentence are easily explained by supposing an actual apodosis to be expressed in them, where commonly only a general idea of satisfaction (like καλῶς ἂν ἔχοι) is understood. The cases of εἰ with the optative without an apodosis in 4 are to be explained by the implied apodosis : they are not necessarily expressions of desire, and the optative here generally represents an original subjunctive.
日本語解釈