§109.
不定詞における現在完了 (目次)
英語原文
The perfect infinitive not in inderect discourse generally represents an act as finished when the present would represent it as going on (96). E.g.
Οὐδὲ βουλεύεσθαι ἔτι ὧρα, ἀλλὰ βεβουλεῦσθαι· τῆς γὰρ ἐποιούσης νυκτὸς πάντα ταῦτα δεῖ πεπρᾶχθαι, it is no longer time even to be deliberating, but (it is time) to have done deliberating ; for all this must be finished within the coming night. Plat. Crit. 46 A. Καὶ μὴν περὶ ὦν γε προσετάξατε προσήκει διῳκηκέναι, and it is his duty to have attended to the business about which you gave him instructions. Dem. xix. 6. (This refers to an ambassador presenting his accounts on his return.) Ξυνετύγχανε πολλαχοῦ διὰ τὴν στενοχωρίαν τὰ μὲν ἄλλοις ἐμβεβληκέναι τὰ δ᾿ αὐτοὺς ἐμβεβλῆσθαι, δύο τε περὶ μίαν ξυνηρτῆσθαι, it often befell them to have made an attack on one side and (at the same time) to have been attacked themselves on the other, etc. Thuc. vii. 70. Ἀνάγκη γὰρ τὰ μὲν μέγιστ᾿ αὐτῶν ἤδη κατακεχρῆσθαι μικρὰ δέ τινα παραλελεῖφθαι, for it must be that the most important subjects have been used up, and that only unimportant ones have been left. Isoc. iv. 74. Οὐκ ἤθελον ἐμβαίνειν διὰ τὸ καταπεπλῆχθαι τῇ ἥσσῃ, they were unwilling to embark on accout of having been terrified by the defeat. Thuc. vii. 72. Τὸ γὰρ πολλὰ ἀπολωλεκέναι κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀμελείας ἄν τις θείη δικαίως, τὸ δὲ μήτε πάλαι τοῦτο πεπονθέναι πεφηνέναι τέ τινα ἡμῖν συμμαχίαν τούτων ἀντίρροπον, τῆς παρ᾿ ἐκείνων εὐνοίας εὐεργέτημ᾿ ἂν ἔγωγε θείην, for our having lost many things during the war one might justly charge upon our neglect ; but our never having suffered this before, and the fact that an alliance has now appeared to us to make up for these losses, I should consider a benefaction, etc. Dem. i. 10. (Compare γεγενῆσθαι in the first example under 103.) Ἔφθασαν παροικοδομήσαντες, ὥστε μηκέτι μήτε αὐτοὶ κωλύεσθαι ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν, ἐκείνους τε καὶ παντάπασιν ἀπεστερηκέναι … σφᾶς ἀποτειχίσαι, i.e. they carried their own wall first beyond that of the Athenians, so as no longer to be themselves interfered with by them, and so as to have effectually prevented them from walling them in. Thuc. vii. 6. Ἐπεμελήθη καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν, ὥστε τῶν παρόντων τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἀγαθῶν μηδὲν μὲν ἄνευ τῆς πόλεως εἶναι, τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα διὰ ταύτην γεγενῆσθαι. Isoc. iv. 38. Τοιαῦτα καὶ τασαῦτα κατεσκεύασαν ἡμῖν, ὥστε μηδενὶ τῶν ἐπιγιγνομένων ὑπερβολὴν λελεῖφθαι, they made such and so great acquisitions as to have no possibility of surpassing them left to any one who should come after them. Dem. iii. 25. Δίδομεν αὐτοῖς προῖκα συγκεκόφθαι, we allow them to have cut us up for nothing (i.e. we make no account of their having done so). Ar. Nub. 1426.
See [Aristot.] Eth. Nic. vi. 2, 6 : οὐκ ἔστι δὲ προαιρετὸν οὐδὲν γεγονὸς, οἶον οὐδεὶς προαιρεῖται Ἴλιον πεπορθηκέναι, but nothing past can be purposed ; for example nobody purposes to have sacked Ilium, i.e. the expression προαιροῦμαι Ἴλιον πεπορθηκέναι would be nonsense. This illustrates well the restricted use of the perfect infinitive.
日本語解釈