§140.
現在または未完了過去の意味を持つ現在分詞 (目次)
英語原文
The present participle is also used as inperfect, like the present infinitive (119). With the participle this use is not confined (as it is with the infinitive) to indirect discourse. E.g.
Οἱ συμπρεσβεύοντες καὶ παρόντες καταμαρτυρήσουσιν, those who were his colleagues on the embassy and who were present will testify. Dem. xix. 129. (Here the embassy is referred to as a well-known even in the past.) Φαίνεται γὰρ ἡ νῦν Ἑλλὰς καλουμένη οὐ πάλαι βεβαίως οἰκουμένη, ἀλλὰ μεταναστάσεις τε οὖσαι τὰ πρότερα, καὶ ῥᾳδίως ἕκαστοι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀπολείποντες, i.e. the following things are evident, Ἑλλὰς οὐ πάλαι βεβαίως ᾠκεῖτο, ἀλλὰ μεταναστάσεις ἦσαν, καὶ ἕκαστοι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀπέλειπον. Thuc. i. 2. Οἶδα τὸν Σωκράτην δεικνύντα τοῖς ξυνοῦσιν ἑαυτὸν κἀγαθὸν ὄντα· οἶδα δὲ κἀκείνω σωφρονοῦντε ἔστε Σωκράτει συνήστην. Xen. Mem. i. 2, 18. (the direct discourse was ἐδεικνυ and ἐσωφρονείτην.)
In Thuc. iv. 3, ἡ Πύλος ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ ποτὲ οὔσῃ γῇ, Pylos is in the country which was once Messenia, οὔσῃ is imperfect, and denotes time absolutely past, as is shown by ποτέ, without which it would be the country which is (now) Messenia.
日本語解釈