§45.
現在完了および過去完了の用法, そしてεἰμίおよびἔχωと組み合わせた表現
- 44. 現在完了の概説
- 45. εἰμίの現在および未完了過去と組み合わせて表現される現在完了および過去完了
- 46. εἰμίと組み合わされていない形で表される現在完了や過去完了の意味
- 47. ἔχωとアオリスト分詞または現在完了分詞を組み合わせた、遠回しな言い方による現在完了の表現
- 48. εἶχονまたはἔσχονと分詞を組み合わせて過去完了を表現する例
- 49. 現在形が現在完了を、未完了過去が過去完了のニュアンスを表わす例
- 50. 書簡などにおいて現在完了やアオリストが現在を意図している例
- 51. 現在完了が現在の事象を参照し、未来における可能性などを表現している例
- 52. 過去完了が過去の動作に直接関連ある, または突発的な動作の発現を表わす例
英語原文
The perfect and the pluperfect may be expressed by the perfect participle with the present and imperfect of εἰμί. Here however, each part of the compound generally retains its own signification, so that this form expresses more fully the continuance of the result of the action of the perfect to the present time, and of that of the pluperfect to the past time referred to. E.g.
Πεποιηκώς ἐστιν (or ἦν), he is (or was) in the condition of having done,—he has done (or had done). Ἐμοῦ οἱ νόμοι οὐ μόνον ἀπεγνωκότες εἰσὶ μὴ ἀδικεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κεκελευκότες ταύτην τὴν δίκην λαμβάνειν, it is the laws which not only have acquitted me of injustice, but have commanded me to inflict this punishment. Lys. i. 34. Ἐτόλμα λέγειν ὡς ἐγὼ τὸ πρᾶγμ῾ εἰμὶ τοῦτο δεδρακώς, he dared to say that I was the one who had done this deed. Dem. xxi. 104. In Dem. xviii. 23, οὔτε γὰρ ἦν πρεσβεία πρὸς οὐδένα ἀπεσταλμένη τότε τῶν Ἑλλήνων means for there was no embassy then out on a mission to any of the Greeks ; whereas ἀπέσταλτο would have given the meaning no embassy had ever been sent out (see 831).
This of course does apply to cases where the compound form is the only one in use, as in the third person plural of the perfect and pluperfect passive and middle of mute nad liquid verbs.
日本語解釈