§144. Aorist Participle (generally not past in time) with λανθάνω, τυγχάνω and φθάνω
λανθάνω, τυγχάνω, φθάνωなどと共に使われる一般的に過去性を持たない意味のアオリスト分詞(目次)
- §144. 概説
- §145. ヘロドトスによるσυμπίπτωを使ったアオリスト分詞の同様の用法
- §146. 現在または未完了過去と組み合わされたアオリスト分詞について
- §147. 現在完了分詞が表す以前性と現在分詞が表す同時性について
英語原文
When the aorist participle is used with any form of λανθάνω, to escape the notice of, τυγχάνω, to happen, and φθάνω, to anticipate, except the present and imperfect, it does not denote time past with reference to the verb, but coincides with it in time. Thus ἔλαθον ἀπελθόντες means they went away secretly (= ἀπῆλθον λάθρα) ; οὐκ ἔφθησαν ἀπελθόντες, no sooner were they gone (= οὐ πρότερον ἀπῆλθον) ; ἔτψχον εἰσελθόντες, they come in by chance, or they happened to come in (= εἰσῆλθόν τύχῃ). E.g.
Τοὺς δ᾿ ἔλαθ᾿ εἰσελθὼν Πρίαμος, and Priam entered unnoticed by them Il. xxiv. 477 ; so xvii. 2 and 89. Ἔλαθεν (αὐτὴν) ἁφθέντα πάντα καὶ καταφκλεχθέντα, everythin took fire and was consumed before she knew it Thuc. iv. 133. Λανθάνει (historic present) στήλην παίσας. Soph. El. 744 Ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, he aimed a blow first. Il. xvi. 322. Αὐτοὶ φθήσονται αὐτὸ δράσαντες, they will do it first themselves. Plat. Rep. 375C. Οὐ γὰρ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία, καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν, κ.τ.λ., for no sooner did this misfortune come upon me, than they undertook, etc. Dem. lvii. 65. Ἔτυχε δὲ κατὰ τοῦτο τοῦ καιροῦ ἐλθών, and he happened to come just at that moment. Id. vii. 2. Ὀλίγα πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα τυχεῖν πράξαντες (sc. ἡγοῦνται), they think that it was their fortune to accomplish only a littile in comparison with their expectations. Id. i.70. So τοῦτ᾿ ἔτυχον λαβών, I happened to take this, Ar. Eccl. 375.
Ὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν ὀρεξάμενος χρόα καλόν, whichever shall first hit, etc. Il. xxiii.805. Βουλοίμην ἂν λαθεῖν αὐτὸν ἀπελθών, I should like to get away without his knowing it Xen. An.i.3,17. Τουὺς ἀνθρώπους λήσομεν ἐπιπεσόντες. Ib. vii.3,43. Εὐλαβεῖσθαι παρακελεύσεσθε ἀλλήλοις, ὅπως μὴ πέρα τοῦ δέοντος σοφώτεροι γενόμενοι λήσετε διαφθαρέντες, you will exhort one another to take care lest, having become wiser than is proper, you become corrupted before you know it. Plat. Gorg. 487D. (Here γενόμενοι is an ordinary aorist, past with reference to the phrase λήσετε διαφθαρέντες.)
The last four examples show that this use of the aorist pariciple is allowed even when the whole expression refers to the future.
日本語解釈