§146.
λανθάνω, τυγχάνω, φθάνωなどと共に使われる一般的に過去性を持たない意味のアオリスト分詞(目次)
- §144. 概説
- §145. ヘロドトスによるσυμπίπτωを使ったアオリスト分詞の同様の用法
- §146. 現在または未完了過去と組み合わされたアオリスト分詞について
- §147. 現在完了分詞が表す以前性と現在分詞が表す同時性について
英語原文
An aorist participle with the present or imperfect of any of the above verbs (144) cannot coincide with the verb in time, and retains its own reference to past time. This combination seldom occurs 1. E.g.
Ὅπερ λαβοῦσα τυγχάνει μήτηρ χεροῖν, which, as it happens, the mother has taken in her hands (happens to have taken). Eur. Bacch. 1140. Ἄριστα τυγχάνουσι πράξαντες, it happens that they fared the best. Isoc. iv.103. Διακίως ἂν τὴν αὐτὴν εὐεργεσίαν ἀπολάβοιμεν, ἥνπερ αὐτοὶ τυγχάνομεν εἰς ὑμᾶς ὑπάρξαντες, we should justly receive back the same kindness which it is our own fortune to have first shown to you (we happen to have begun). Id. xiv.57. Πρὸς τί τοῦτ᾿ εἰπὼν κυρεῖς; wherefore did you chance to speak thus (does it chance that you spoke)? Soph. El. 1176. Ποῦ κυρεῖ ἐκτόπιος συθείς; Id. O.C. 119. Ὄρα καθ᾿ ὕπνον μὴ καταυλισθεὶς κυρῇ, see lest it may chance that he has retired to sleep within. Id. Ph. 30. Compare συνεκύρησε παραπεσοῦσα, happened to collide. Hdt. viii.87 (889). Μῖξις μία λύπης τε καὶ ἡδονῆς ξυμπίπτει γενομένη, i.e. happens to have occurred (Badham proposes γιγνομένη). Plat. Phil. 47D.
Οὐδ᾿ ἄρα Κίρκην ἐξ Ἀίδεω ἐλθόντες ἐλήθομεν, nor was it unknown to Circe that we had returned from Hades. Od. xii.16. Ὅσοι ἐτύγχανον οὕτως ἀθρόοι ξυνεξελθόντες, all who happened to have thus come out together. Thuc. iii.111. Εἴ τί που αἰγῶν περιλειφθὲν ἐτύγχνε γένος, if any race of goats happened to have been left. Plate. Leg. 677E. Ἀρισταγόρῃ δὲ συνέπιπτε τοῦ αὐτοῦ χρόνου πάντα συνελθόντα, and it was the fortune of A. that all these came to him at the same time. Hdt. v.36. (Here it is difficult to distinguish the doubly past time : but the analogy of the other examples, and the difficulty of conceiving an imperfect and aorist as coincident in time, seem decisive.) Ὀρθῶς σφι ἡ φήμη συνέβαινε ἐλθοῦσα, tightly, as it happened, had the report come to them. Id. ix.101. Just below : τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρης συνέβαινε γίνεσθαι, i.e. they (the battles of Plataea and Mycale) happened to fall on the same daye.
In Lys. xii.27 we have the aorist and perfect participles together with ἐτύγχνε, each expressing its own time : ὅστις ἀντειπών γε ἐτύγχανε καὶ γνώμην ἀποδεδειγμένος, who chanced to have spoken in opposition and to have shown his opinione.
It appears from these examples that the aorist participle can coincide in its time only with forms which have a similar aoristic or complexive meaning, while in other cases the verb and participle are distinct in time.
1. For the examples of τυγχάνω here given I am indebted to an unpublished paper on this construction by Dr. James R. Wheeler, in which notice of this peculiarity is taken for the first time (so far as I am aware).
日本語解釈