§494.
驚嘆などを表わす動詞の後に現れるεἰについて(目次)
- 494. 概説
- 495. 同様の構文で主動詞が過去時称の文例
- 496. 同様の構文で節や原因(または理由)を表わす節が続くとき、εἰがニュアンスを変える文例
- 497. 間接疑問文においてこの構文のεἰを「～かどうか」とは読んではいけない文例
英語原文
After many expressions of wonder, delight, contentment, indignation, disappointment, pity, and similar emotions, a protasis with εἰ may be used to express the object of the emotion. When the suppostion of the protasis is present or past, a causal sentense would generally seem more natural. Such expressions are especially θαυμάζω, αἰσχύνομαι, ἀγαπῶ, ἀγανακτῶ, and δεινόν ἐστιν. E.g.
Θαιμάζω δ᾿ ἔγωγε εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ᾿ ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ᾿ ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν, κ.τ.λ., I wonder that no one of you is either concerned or angry, when he sees, etc. (lit. if no one is either concerned or angry, I wonder). Dem. iv.43. Ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνο θαυμάζω, εἰ Λακεςαιμονίοις μέν ποτε ἀντήρατε, νυνὶ δ᾿ ὀκνεῖτε ἐξιέναι καὶ μέλλετε εἰσφέρειν, but I wonder at this, that you once opposed the Lacedaemonians, but now are unwilling, etc. Id. ii.24. (The literal meaning is, if(it is true that) you once opposed,etc., then I wonder.) Οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ᾿ εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ, he is not content if he has not been punished ; but if he is not also to be crowned with a golden crown, he is indignant. Aeschin. iii.147. Καὶ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀγανακτῶ, εἰ οὑτωσὶ ἃ νοῶ μὴ οἶός τ᾿ εἰμὶ εἰπεῖν, I am indignant that (or if) I am not able, etc. Plat. Lach. 194A. Οὐ δὴ θαυμαστόν καὶ ψηφιζομένων καὶ πυνθανομένων περιγίγνεται, it is no wonder that he gets the advantage of you, etc. Dem. ii.23. Μηδὲ μέντοι τοῦτο μεῖον δόξητε ἔχειν, εἰ οἱ Κυρεῖοι πρόσθεν σὺν ἡμῖν ταττόμενοι νῦν ἀφεστήκασιν, i.e. do not discontented, if (or that) the cyraeans have now withdrawn. Xen. An. iii.2,17. Αἰνῶ σε, εἰ κτενεῖς δάμαρτα σήν. Eur. Tro. 890.
Δεινὸν ἂν εἴη πρῆγμα, εἰ Σάκας μὲν δούλους ἔχομεν, Ἕλληνας δὲ οὐ τιμωρησόμεθα. Hdt. vii.9. Αἰσχρόν ἐστιν, εἰ ἐγὼ μὼν τὰ ἔργα ὑπέμεινα, ὑμεῖς δὲ μηδὲ τοὺς λόγους ἀνέξεσθε. Dem. xviii.160. Δεινὸν ἂν εἴη, εἰ μὲν ἐκείνων ξύμμαχοι οὐκ ἀπεροῦσιν, ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἄρα δαπανήσομεν. Thuc. i.121. Τέρας λέγεις, εἰ … οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν. Plat. Men. 91D (See 506). Δεινὸν εἰ οἱ αὐτοὶ μάρτυρες τούτοις μὲν ἂν μαρτυροῦντες πιστοὶ ἦσαν, ἐμοὶ δὲ μαρτυροῦντες ἄπιστοι ἔσονται, it is hard that the same witnesses testifying for them would have been trustwotthy, and testifying for me are to be untrustworthy. Ant. vi.29. See Aeschin. i.85.
In all the preceding examples the protasis belongs under 402, the futures expressing present suppositions (407). For εἰ οὐ see 386 and 387, with examples.
日本語解釈