§27.

§28. ⇒

直説法現在の様々な用法

英語原文

The presents ἤκω, I am come, and οἴχομαι, I am gone, are used in the sense of the perfect. An approach to the perfect sense is sometimes found in such prestnts as φεύγω, in the sense I am banished, ἁλίσκομαι, I am captured, νικῶ and κρατῶ, I am victorious, ἡττῶμαι, I am conquered, ἀδικῶ, I have unjust (I am ἄδικος). So the Epic ἵκω and ἱκάνω, with ὄλλυμαι and sometimes τίκτω in tragedy E.g.

Οἴχεται εἰς ἅλα δῖαν, he is gone to the divine sea. Il. xv. 223. Θεμιστοκλῆς ἥκω παρὰ σέ, I, Themistocles, am come to you. Thuc. i. 137. Τοὺς ἀδίκως φεύγοντας δικαίως κατήγαγον, they justly restored those who were unjustly banished. Plat. Menex. 242 B. Ἰλίου ἁλισκομένου, after the capture of Ilium. Thuc. vi. 2. So ἁλισκομένου του τείχος. Hdt. i. 85. Ὄπισθε τῆς ἀνοιγομένης θύρης, behind the open door. Hdt. i. 9. Εἰ πάντα παῦτα ἐλυμαίνετο τοῖς ὅλοις, ἕως ἀνέτρεψε, τί Δημοσθένης ἀδικεῖ ; how is Demosthenes to blame ? Dem. xviii. 303. Πύργων ὀλλυμένων ἐν ναυσὶν ἔβαν, I embarked after the towers had been destroyed. Eur. I. T. 1108. Ἥδε τίκτει σε, this woman is thy mother. id. Ion. 1560.

Present participles are given in some examples here where they illustrate the meaning of the tense.

日本語解釈


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